Saturday, November 30, 2019

The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market free essay sample

In previous years, beer’s core segmentation was age group 21-27, this demographic bottomed out in the late 1990’s to early 2000’s, but projections are showing that this core demographic will be the top demographic again by 2010 according to beerprofit. com. Studies have shown the 40% of the adult market are expected to be regular beer consumers by 2011. This paper will discuss Medelo’s international expansion through strategic partnerships, next steps into a foreign market for Modelo, challenges from InBev, Modelo’s direct competitor, and whether Modelo should diversify its business. (HTB, 2008) Modelo’s International expansion with Strategic Partnerships Grupo Modelo is the biggest brewer in Mexico and is based in Mexico City. Model has built several breweries in states throughout Mexico for logistics, warehousing and transportation strategies. Grupo Model best known product is Corona, while it best selling brand is Corona Light. Within Mexico, their biggest selling brand is Modelo Especial which is a premium pale lager thats more comparable in quality to Dos XX than its lightweight Corona. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grupo Modelo Place in the World Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most beers sold in Mexico are standard light bodied lager brews that are similar to U. S. and Canadian lagers. Especial are sometimes viewed as a premium brands, while Pacifico has a certain cachet on the Pacific coast, and Corona and Sol are both super light bodied brands with painted labels and that appeal to a fun in the sun kind of marketing mentality. In 1985, Grupo Modelo started exploring other markets, first Canada and Japan, and later on Australia and New Zealand. In 1989, the organization moved into Europe when an office in Brussels was opened, later Russia, Africa and Latin America, the Modelo brands are present in 159 countries. In 1997, Anheuser-Busch and Grupo Modelo agreed to purchase 37% of the brewer to gain some revenue and capital opportunities for Modelo. Under the agreement, Anheuser-Busch has invested $605 million, bringing its total investment in Mexicos largest beer company to more than $1 billion. The agreement also allowed for Anheuser-Busch to acquire another 17% at a later date. In 2003, Anheuser-Busch acquired a 17. 7 percent direct and indirect interest in Grupo Modelo and its subsidiary, Diblo, S. A. for $477 million. This gave Anheuser-Busch financial control over the Modelo. By 1996, the acquisition was complete. Our taking a larger stake in Modelo is advantageous for both companies, said Anheuser-Busch Chairman of the Board and President August A. Busch III. Grupo Modelo is a well-managed company with a great heritage. Mexico is a key market in our overall approach to globalizing our company. There is great potential in the Mexican beer market. Our association with Modelo will help grow that market and enhance our already strong relationship with the Mexican-American community. (Chalmers, 2009) Grupo Modelo’s Next Foreign Market and Strategy In 2005, Grupo Modelo and Anheuser-Busch agreed to import Modelos beers into China, the worlds largest beer market, the Mexico City-based Grupo Modelo, who is half-owned by Anheuser-Busch and exclusive importer of Anheuser-Buschs brands in Mexico, including Budweiser and Bud Light. Grupo Modelo holds 62. 8 percent of the total beer market share in Mexico as of Dec. 31, 2005. The agreement with Anheuser-Busch for China covered Corona Extra as well as other Grupo Modelo brands to be distributed in the future. Apart of the strategy was to expand Corona Extra. Corona Extra is the No. 1 Mexican beer sold in the world and the most popular imported beer in the U. S. , regardless of origin. This new partnership ideally complements the international strategy that Modelo has successfully implemented for several decades, said Carlos Fernandez, chairman and CEO of Grupo Modelo, in a statement. Grupo Modelo exports seven brands with a presence in more than 150 countries. (Chalmers, 2006) The Challenges from InBev InBev, the largest beer company in the world produces over 200 beer brands produced and sold throughout the world. Its flagship brands are Budweiser, Stella Artois, Brahma, Becks and Leffe. InBev has operations in over 30 countries and sales in over 130 countries. In 2006 it had a market capitalization of â‚ ¬30. 6 billion and net profit of â‚ ¬3. 2 billion on sales of â‚ ¬13. 3 billion. InBev was created in 2004 from the merger of the Belgian company Interbrew and the Brazilian company AmBev. Before the merger with Ambev, Interbrew was the third largest brewing company in the world by volume, Anheuser-Busch was the largest, followed by SABMiller in second place. Heineken International was in fourth place and AmBev was the worlds fifth largest brewer. On June 12, 2008, InBev announced that it has made a US$46 billion offer for the brewing firm Anheuser-Busch. This merger joined two of the worlds four largest brewing companies (based on revenue) and created a company that brews three of the top beers in the world Bud Light, Budweiser and Skol. InBev also stated that the merger would not result in any U. S. brewery closures and they would also attempt to keep on management and board members from both companies. On Sunday, July 13, 2008, Anheuser-Busch announced that they had agreed to an acquisition by InBev valued at about US$52 billion in cash, or $70 per share. As a condition, InBev will be renamed AB-InBev and Anheuser-Busch would retain two seats on the board of directors. This created a problem for Modelo because Anheiser-Busch has acquired a 51% stake in 2003. Even though the deal was crafted so that Modelo could buy back its majority interest. After the announcement of the AB InBev merger, Modelo sued it US Constellation partner who is partnered with InBev so the InBev could assume a hostile takeover of the company. That arbitration is ongoing. (Kesmodel, 2009) Should Grupo Modelo Diversify its Business? While Modelo still ranks as the 4th largest brewer behind AB-Inbev, SABMiller, Heiniken International, it is the only brewer controls 65%+ in its home country. The other bottlers have found fortune in diversifying into foods, Modelo may be best served with an expansion into other products to boost its name and brand. SABMiller is the outsource bottler Coca Cola Africa. Pepsi has expanded into other brands by acquiring Gatorade, Frito-Lay, and Quaker Oats. Its side brands now account for 55% of of its revenue. Modelo could be better served acquiring established food brands or international food processing plants. AB-InBev has diversified, SABMiller has diversified. Heineken has diversified by isolating its beer brands to different markets Europe, Asia, Americas, Caribbean, and South America. With the top selling single beer product in the world, the company can build some momentum based on that product. Conclusion Grupo Model is poised to take a substantial place in the world market. It is known the throughout the bottle world for its robust and efficient processes. It has been able to expand into foreign markets while keeping its signature product as the number one selling product in the world. It has been able to merge with the largest beer company in the world and still keep it operational control over its products and withstand competitive challenges from direct competitors seeking to penetrate its principal markets. With the establishment of the number one brand beer, Modelo seems poised to leverage its brand into different markets and diversifications.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Bulletin Boards as a Part of a Learning Environment

Bulletin Boards as a Part of a Learning Environment Best Practices dictate that you use your bulletin boards. Too often, teachers evaluate each other by how clever their bulletin boards are, especially at the beginning of the school year. Many teachers dip into their own pockets and buy bulletin boards already made, but handmade bulletin boards offer opportunities to: Display Student Work (as models of acceptable or good quality school product.)Support InstructionReinforce desired behaviors Display Student Work Posting student work offers two important impacts on classroom management: Reinforce and motivate students by recognizing their best work product.Model the sort of work that you want students to create. Star Student Work: A dedicated section of the board to post good quality work each week can help motivate students. Project Board: Project-based learning is one way to keep kids excited about learning and fully engaged. In self-contained programs, try rolling from subject to subject: after a big reading project, you start a big science project, or a big inter-subject project, like planning a house or a trip, including making budget (math,) finding a flight (research) and writing an imaginary journal (language arts.) One board could be the project board and turn over every time a new project comes up. Student of the Week: One way to support self-esteem, help students learn about each other and even to do a little public speaking is by having a student of the week. Choose them randomly rather than with any reflection of their behavior (dont decide on Monday that Johnny can no longer be the student of the week because of a bad recess.) Post their picture, a format for each child to tell about favorite foods, television shows, sports, etc. Include some of their work, or if your students portfolio fork, have them choose some papers or project they are particularly proud of. Support Learning Student Boards: Put students in charge of creating a board or boards to go with topics you are studying. Make creating the board (brainstorming, choosing what to find pictures of) a class project. You can have a few students responsible for individual boards, or you can have all students participate by doing research. Teach them how to right click on images online to save them in a file, and then show them how to insert into a Microsoft Word document to print. You will need to check your schools policy for colored output-hopefully you have access to at least one color printer. Word Walls: From kindergarten to graduation, a word wall with important words/terms to learn should be a part of regular instruction. For social studies, you may want to review new terms both as they come up and merely as you are reviewing for assessment. You can involve students in creating the board background (our first will use an undersea theme with sponge painting.) High-frequency words should also be part of word walls, especially with struggling readers. You might want to cluster words with similar endings or with the same irregularity. Interactive Boards: Boards that are puzzles or provide students with practice can be a fun way to use some wall space. A free website provides some fun ideas for interactive boards. Reinforce Desired Behavior There are many ways to reinforce positive classroom behavior. Positive Behavior Support  can include group rewards (a marble jar) awards (best speller, most improved) and homework charts. Your boards can also function to put individual students on notice, either a color chart or color-coded cards.

Friday, November 22, 2019

2015-2016 ACT Test Dates

2015-2016 ACT Test Dates SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are wondering about when the ACT had its test dates during the 2015-2016 academic year? Maybe you need to confirm the date you took the you're just curious, or perhaps you want to know whenACT, Inc. will holdfuture tests. In this article, I’ll give you the ACT test dates for 2015-2016 and explain the factors to think about when selecting your test date. ACT Test Dates for 2015-2016 Check out the test dates, registration deadlines, and multiple choice score release dates for 2015-2016. Though the exact dates vary every year, this basic schedule, with dates in September, October, December, February, April, and June, remains the same. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Score Release* Sept 12, 2015 Aug 7, 2015 Aug 21, 2015 Sept 22-Nov 6, 2015 Oct 24, 2015 Sept 18, 2015 Oct 2, 2015 Nov 10-Dec 28, 2015 Dec 12, 2015 Nov 6, 2015 Nov 20, 2015 Dec 22, 2105-Feb 6, 2016 Feb 6, 2016** Jan 8, 2016 Jan 15, 2016 Feb 17-Apr 1, 2016 Apr 9, 2016 Mar 4, 2016 Mar 18, 2016 Apr 19-Jun 3, 2016 Jun , 2016 May 6, 2016 May 20, 2016 Jun 21-Aug 5, 2016 *= Refers to the period in which multiple choice scores were released. Normally, you'll get your writing scores about two weeks after you receive your multiple choice scores. **= No February dates were scheduled in New York. How to Choose Your Test Date Now that you have an idea of when the ACT offers testing, here are some of the major factors to consider when picking your ACT test date: Know Your Deadlines! The most important thing to remember is to take your ACT before any deadlines. If you apply regular decision, the December test in your senior year will be the last test you can take for most colleges. If you apply early, the last test you can take may be in October or November of your senior year. Additionally, there are scholarship deadlines. If you want to obtain any scholarships that consider your ACT score, you may need to take your ACT before the scholarship application deadline. How Many Times Do You Want to Take the ACT? Most students improve their scores when they retake the ACT, and you should allow yourself an opportunity to take the test multiple times. Generally, we recommend taking the ACT for the first time in the fall of your junior year. Then you can retake it in the spring of your junior year and the fall of your senior year if necessary. How Long Do You Plan to Study? When picking your test date, make sure you have enough time to prepare. Get an idea of how long you’ll need to study and ensure you’ll be able to sufficiently study before you take the test. If you take both the April and June tests without doing any additional preparation in between, your score probably won’t improve much. Do You Have Conflicts With Any Test Dates? Check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around any of the ACT test dates. Maybe the February date is on the same day as your big wrestling tournament. Perhaps you want to avoid the June test date because you’ll be spending most of your waking hours studying for finals. It may be difficult to find a time when you can fully devote yourself to the ACT, but you should try to choose the best test dates for you. What's Next? If you're studying for the SAT for 2016-2017, check out our review for the new edition of The Real ACT Prep Guide. Are you worried about balancing your test prep with school? Get some expert tips for how to successfully prepare for the ACT without sacrificing the quality of your schoolwork. Finally, check out our ultimate guide to ACT prep for study guides, strategies, and practice tests. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Justin Berkman About the Author Justin has extensive experience teaching SAT prep and guiding high school students through the college admissions and selection process. He is firmly committed to improving equity in education and helping students to reach their educational goals. Justin received an athletic scholarship for gymnastics at Stanford University and graduated with a BA in American Studies. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Low job Satisfaction at Disney Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Low job Satisfaction at Disney - Research Paper Example Its great and main involvement is to sell vacation packages to people from all over the world who wish to visit the ‘magic Disney land’. Disney World Travel Agencies is a subsidiary company of the greater World Disney Company. Their ever crowded jam park in its many Disney lands is a reflection of their customer satisfaction. This company allows visitors to book their vacations in their parks online through their heavily trafficked website. In addition, all this Disney parks have call centers where customers can call with in their enquiries, whether for Disney Land, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris or Disney land Hong Kong (Gittin, 2010). Problem Statement If the crowded Walt Disney Parks is anything to go by, one would expect that the job satisfaction for the employees in this company is high. As much as this company is greatly accredited to a great customer satisfaction, it continues to habitually leave employees wages low and stall promotions. (Watt, 2013). Being a multinational company, the company is not treating the employees as it should be. The rate of employee turnover in this company is very high, which directly translates to a low job satisfaction. There is tons of ambition, desire, and magic from each cast member only to be put down by management when someone has an idea (non-solicited ideas are not allowed by cast members). This course project will help Identify several changes needed to be made within the company structure of WTDC in order to get morale back to its previous heyday when Walt Disney himself ran the company. Literature Review Job satisfaction refers to how content an employee is with his or her job. It can be taken to be that aspect where one analyses the number of people who would say, â€Å"I love my job’. (Cranny et al, 1992).Job satisfaction can be in form of affective job satisfaction or cognitive job satisfaction. These two concepts are very different from each other yet they are closely related as they both deal with an employee’s relationship with his or her work. Affective job satisfaction refers to the emotions that one has towards their job. Are they happy and content? How much pleasure do they derive from their daily activities? Cognitive job satisfaction refers to employees feelings towards different aspects of their job, which might include maternity leave, pay or salary, management of the company among others. (Wang, Yang and Wang, 2012) These two concepts are usually applied when studying the organizational behavior, attitudes and actions of employees. The results are thereafter used to determine the overall job satisfaction of employees (Cranny, 1992). Frederick Herzberg, in his Two Factor Theory notes that motivation and hygiene are the two main factors that lead to either satisfaction or dissatisfaction of employees. Motivation factors are said to encourage and motivate an employee (Sultan, 2012). Examples of such factors include chances for a promotion, being c omplemented for work well done, achievement recognition awards among others. With these, the employee will have a higher level of job satisfaction. The hygiene factors include aspects such as favorable company policies, a good pay and other terms that are favorable and appealing to the employees. Frederick argues that these are the main factors that lead to either the satisfaction or the dissatisfaction of an employee. The Affect Theory, however states different reasons for the satisfaction

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

BCEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BCEN - Essay Example orever Young is guided by a mission to become the world’s leading distributor of organic foods, create a healthy family for the future through quality products, enhanced supply chains and well-trained staff. We are committed to a better tommorow and will, therefore, use the available technology to ensure customer experience is enhanced. Our greatest strength is the goodwill and continuous encouragement that we have received from our clients. In the last twelve months, our customer base grew with a margin of 15% on referrals alone. The referrals signified the great deal of trust placed on our products by our clients. The customer loyalty we enjoy makes it possible for us to make profits above break-even. In numbers, we cater for about 30 million households with a potential of growing the number to 100 million in the next five years. As we venture into the world market, we are encouraged by the fact that the organic food market is growing each year and has a net value of US$45million which hasn’t been fully achieved. Over the years, Forever Young has acquired state of the art equipment that give our products a competitive edge in quality and cost efficiency. Being able to achieve high quality at low prices is a strength that any firm would like to achieve, and we have done it with the corporation from our highly trained staff. In such an expensive market, capital can be a limiting factor. For us though the amount of capital available for investment is high and the continuous interests from investors and our good credit rating give us an advantage when it comes to requesting for funds for new investments. In our 12 years of operation, we have developed a strong staff training regime that allows us to employ and attract the best experts in the market. This strong programme has ensured that staff morale is always high which reflects in our sales and customer service provision. Organic foods have never been cheap since production cost is high. With

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Change Places Essay Example for Free

Change Places Essay If I get an opportunity to replace myself with any one in the world then I would like to replace myself with Mr. Bush, the president of America. Mr. Bush is responsible for portraying negative image of America as an enemy of humanity by doing wars against Muslims only on the basis of religious discrimination. Mr. Bush is the murderer of nearly one hundred thousand innocent citizens of Afghanistan and Iraq while trying to fight against only two persons Usama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein on one side and thousands of precious lives of our beloved soldiers and the soldiers of collision countries. These soldiers joined the arm forces with the aim to give their priceless lives to serve their respective countries and country men in case of any danger but unfortunately their precious lives went in vain in a cruel plan of Mr. Bushs administration against the humanity. America, the only super power of the world and the place of opportunities to flourish for every one, followed the instructions of Israel to have a war against Muslims and in the process earned disgrace from all over the world. It is a major loss done to America and Americans due to this heinous purposed war. After replacing myself with Mr. Bush, firstly I will order American armed forces to leave Afghanistan and Iraq and made the charge to UN peace keeping forces in these countries. I will order large amount of grants for the purpose of reconstruction of these countries which have been completely destroyed due to exhaustive use of highly dangerous weapons. In case of Iraq, we attacked the country even Iraq was proved innocent by the United Nations nuclear weapons inspection team for not having any kind of dangerous kind of nuclear and chemical weapons and in case of Afghanistan we could not find Usama Bin Laden, so I will make sure that any future American president can not play with the humanity just to obey the orders from Israel. If Laden is the murderer of the few victims of the world trade center tragedy, then in this regard Mr. Bush is the murderer of thousands of people from all over the world so while I will be in place of Mr. Bush as Bush; I will resign from the office of the president of the America and will face the following just allegations against me: 1) Schism in American Society. 2) Invasion on Iraq on fallacious grounds (of having WMD), and killing thousands of innocent people. 3) Creating worse conditions in ME and outside by giving freehand to Israel (for preparing WMD and threatening other nations).

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Mentoring Nursing and Healthcare Students Essay examples -- Nursing Ed

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) defines the role of a mentor as a nurse with specific training who is able to facilitate learning, and supports and supervises students in a practice setting (NMC 2008). Mentorship plays an integral part in the next generation of practitioners and nursing professionals play a vital role in guiding a process that allows the transference of knowledge, skills and attributes from healthcare professionals to the students they are working with (English National Board and Department of Health 2001). This assignment will critically review the key issues for the preparation of an effective learning environment and appraise the opportunities and challenges experienced when facilitating learning in practice. It will analyse the mentors role and accountability within the assessment process, and the evaluation processes that develop student learning in practice. The environment in which this assignment is set is a thirty bedded Acute Medical Ward, within the Department of Medicine for older people in an NHS teaching hospital. A mentors role in this clinical setting involves providing both formal and informal learning opportunities in supporting students, newly qualified nurses and Healthcare support workers. A strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of the clinical setting ( appendix1) highlights the complexities of this learning environment. In recent years a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the clinical environment and its importance in the facilitation of learning, where students are most likely to be receptive to learning and nurses are able to combine the theory taught at university, with the practical skills required to become a competent practitioner. Pell... ...oyal College of Nursing (RCN) (2007) Guidance for mentors of nursing students and midwives, London: Royal College of Nursing Shakespeare, P. and Webb, C. (2008) 'Professional identity as a resource for talk: exploring the mentor-student relationship', Nursing Inquiry, 15 (4), pp 270-279 Sharples, K., Kelly, D. and Elcock, K. (2007) 'Supporting mentors in practice', Nursing Standard, 21 (39), pp 44-47 Spouse, J. (2008) 'Learning through legitimate peripheral participation', Nurse Education Today, 18 (5), pp 345-351 Tetheridge, J. (2010) 'Interviewing student and qualified nurses to find out what makes an effective mentor', Nursing Times, 106 (48), pp 19 – 21 Timmins, F. and Kaliszer, M. (2002) 'Aspects of nurse education programmes that frequently cause stress to nursing students – fact finding sample survey', Nurse Education Today, 22, pp 203-211

Monday, November 11, 2019

The Democratic Republic

Politics or the art and science of government are very important to all of us, because this will affect the kind of life that we may able to have. Politics originated in Greece where democracy was first established. And as time passed by changes are made to the system of government and there are also other organizations that exist. One of this is the political party.A political party is a group organized to support certain policies on questions of public interest. The aim of the political party is to elect officials who will try to carry out the parties policies. The question may range from issues of peace, war, and taxes to how people should earn a living. A large political party has million of supporters. When people in a democracy disagree about what the government should do, each voter expresses his opinion by voting for the candidate that supports his side of argument. (Flanders, 1989)An example of a political movement in the United States called the Democratic Party. This is on e of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. It is the oldest political party in the United States.Since the 2006 midterm elections, the Democratic Party is the majority party for the 110th Congress; the party holds an outright majority in the House of Representatives and the Democratic caucus (including two independents) constitutes a majority in the United States Senate. Democrats also hold a majority of state governorships and control a plurality of state legislatures. In 2004, it was the largest political party, with 42.6 percent of 169 million registered voters claiming affiliation.The Democratic Party traces its origins to the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. Since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, it has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party in economic as well as social mat ters. The economically left-leaning activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, has shaped much of the party's economic agenda since 1932.Roosevelt's New Deal coalition usually controlled the national government until 1964. The civil rights movement of the 1960s, championed by the party despite opposition at the time from its Southern wing, has continued to inspire the party's liberal principles. (Cited in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_ (United_States), 2008)The goal of the democrats in the 2006 elections as chosen and not by votes but of what the country need are the following: To withdraw from Iraq and to use some of the money saved to fund security for Americans instead of funding security for Iraqis and   50% reduction in CO2 within 10 years.Not only do we have to implement but as well as to understood solutions at home, but must provide global incentives for other countries to reduce their emissions, totally eliminate our dependence on foreign oil within 5 years, implement a successful policies of which lead to a high level of healthcare for all citizens at a reasonable cost, instead of business as usual, we want to adopt worldwide best practices.We'd adopted the highly successful policies of which the best educated children in the world, invest more money in homeland security inside the US than we are spending abroad, implement real immigration reform, not stop-gap measures (like Frist's approach), implement all the recommendations of the 9-11 committee, our foreign policy should be revamped so that we start making more friends than enemies, achieve energy independence within 10 years, e.g., adopt the recommendations of Amory Lovins or someone else who has credibility and knows how to get there, cheaper energy (both to fuel our cars and power our homes),   e.g.Adopt the recommendations of Amory Lovins or someone else who has credibility and knows how to get there, increase funding f or energy research, e.g., top universities complain that the funding for energy research hasn't increased at all and Bring US education up to foreign standards (i.e., achieve educational â€Å"parity† with foreign schools) within 10 years.Tactics are also made by the democrats for them to get the votes of the people. One of it was used by the democrats during the 2006 elections. And this is what they’ve said:The Democrats need your vote to make these bills a reality: Elect us and we will end the Republican corruption that has led to higher energy prices, more costly prescription drugs, an increased peril for our troops in Iraq. (Cited in http://skirsch.com/politics/ goals/goalsDemocrats.htm, 2008).Democrats have s great influence to the current presidential elections because the two candidates for this coming election belong from the democrats. These are Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senator from New York and former First Lady and Barack Obama, U.S. Senator from Illinois, and former Illinois State Senator.Democrats really have a great impact to American politics because they have a large number of supporters and are choosing the leaders who can improve the type of government they have or can give them a better life. ( cited in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party _(United States)_presidential _primaries,_2008,2008)

Saturday, November 9, 2019

St. Augustine’s ‘The City of God’

‘The City of God’ is a book written by the 5th century Church Father, St. Augustine. Augustine wrote the treatise as a general defense of Christianity, that is, to admonish the assumption that Christianity was the cause of Rome’s downfall. Augustine also intended the treatise to be an exposition of Christian orthodox beliefs (against the Arians and Schismatics). The historical context in which the book was situated, Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire. Many Christians dominated the politics of Rome (the emperor himself was a Christian). The Roman state persecuted the adherents of pagan religions. A significant portion of the Roman budget went to the construction of elaborate basilicas and churches. Pagan philosophers saw these events as proofs of the evil intent of Christianity. The impending fall of Rome was the work of Christianity. Christianity weakened the Roman state by imposing its own will on Rome’s future. It destroyed traditional Roman virtues. It replaced militant nature of the Roman army by preaching the efficacy of peace and universal love. Christianity, in general, put Rome into a state of anarchy and loss of patriotism. Taking into account these facts, St. Augustine sought to establish a logical, transcendental approach in answering the criticisms of the pagan philosophers. He argued that the existence of the Roman state is first and foremost subject to Divine will. According to him, the destiny of nations and states is determined by God, the source of legitimate political authority. No nation, state, or even community could last for eternity. For Augustine, the existence of the state is temporary, for its elements are temporary, created by the minds of man – whose existence is also material. It was the destiny of Rome to fall under the hands of the barbarians – a fact which cannot be comprehended by the human mind. St. Augustine wrote, â€Å"Whether the same world remains intact throughout or whether it keeps setting into disintegration and rising into newness with each rotation of the wheel of time. Whereas, if one rejects the periodicity of identical patterns, one is left with an infinite diversity of events which no knowledge or pre-knowledge could possibly comprehend† (Curtis, 429). Thinkers such as Smith, Nietzsche, and Gibbons rejected the above-mentioned assumption of Augustine. These thinkers argued that it was clear that the fall of Rome was due to ‘the ineptness of the Christian religion, its impracticality as an imperial religion, and indecency as a political and religious movement’ (Toynbee, 219). One need not determine empirical data to prove Augustine’s thesis. Michael Schmaus argued that the fragile nature of the state is due primarily to its origin. The state is the expression of man – a being whose existence is temporary. Hence, if a state is to last for eternity, according to Schmaus, it must be immune to the weaknesses of man – from outright desire of the flesh, from political conflicts, from the intrigues of the human mind. Schmaus stated: â€Å"The term ‘eternity’, in essence, only refers to the Divine Being. The state, in particular, is not in any way an everlasting entity, for it is wholly man’s creation – a derivation of man’s innate qualities. These qualities, we may describe, as momentary, capricious, and overtly devoid of divine significance. Man, by himself, cannot affect a change in the state of nature, or his predilections capable of uniting the elements of political life† (Schmaus, 57). St. Augustine based his arguments on the notion that the state is a necessary evil. Augustine derived this statement from basic theological truths. The first ‘truth’ attested to the integrity of man before the fall. In traditional Christian theology, the first human beings possessed, besides righteousness and holiness a genuine partnership with God, the so-called preternatural gifts (justitia originalis), gifts of integrity, freedom from suffering and death, from inordinate appetites and ignorance. The sin of Adam greatly weakened these gifts. Man became vulnerable to weakness, to death. Hence, according to Augustine death belongs to the nature of man. But as a result of sin it has the added character of punishment; that is to say, what belongs to the nature of man, his transitories, is now bound up with anxiety, pain and glaring absurdity. Because the state is a necessary evil, then man itself is bound by such necessity. He must live in that necessity, and of course its consequences. A necessary evil man must endure, for it is his temporary refuge. It is a temporary refuge from the ineptness of savagery, from irrationality, and from the affects of nature. The state was created as a temporary refuge of man – an entity which inhibits man’s innate savagery and irrationality – things which were consequential of the fall. The state, according to Augustine, is lead by pride and flesh. The state is the embodiment of worldly desires and passions. Although it inhibits man’s lust for materiality, it is in itself the efficacy of such materiality. The state though is necessary because it enabled man to work in groups, to limit man’s obsession with himself, and to protect man from the dangers of the natural world. The state, however, is not necessarily good. Man must endure the world of politics, deception, and outright political chaos. Hence, the state is a temporary state of nature. Again, Augustine’s argument makes sense because of the assumption that the state is a temporary association. Philosophers like Aristotle, Hobbes, and Locke supported this argument. These philosophers agree that the state is a temporary refuge of man – that is, it was borne out of man’s own innate weakness. However, these philosophers disagreed on the nature of man’s weakness, whether either borne out of lack of faith on a Divine entity or just the condition of the state of nature. Augustine’s arguments were not immune to criticisms. One of the weakness of this argument is provided by Schoonenberg who argued that it is impossible to attach the social origin of the state with the theological origin of man. According to him, a distinction must be made between what is political and what is epistemological (Schoonenberg, 58). Schoonenberg argued that the origin of Christianity is separate from the origin of the state, as far as orthodoxy is concerned. Here, it is possible that Augustine may have committed this particular mistake. Now, Augustine examined the origin of man’s weakness in relation to Divine Providence. St. Augustine argued that the fall of man is caused by man’s desire to make himself an equal of God. The evil which befallen man is neither the work of God or nature; it is the work of man. Here, St. Augustine discussed the nature of evil and free will. According to him, evil comes into the world in a kind of privation. Privation is desire for things which are less real and not good. Evil is love of the world of shadows and allusion – a perversion of Divine will. According to Augustine, the origin of sin is free will, that is, individual freedom. Free will presupposes that man is independent of God, which man, by his own nature, can succeed apart from God (Schoonenberg, 329). For Augustine, the arrogance of man is in itself the rejection of God and the acceptance of the ‘temporary state of nature. Man loves this arrogance because it increases his fidelity to himself; that is, arrogance is the fruit of deception – that man can wander by himself, that he can, apart from God, measure the knowledge and the inertia of God. Augustine wrote: â€Å"The fundamental fallacy of these men, who prefer to walk in round about error rather than to keep to the straight path o f truth, is that they have nothing but their own tiny, changing human minds to measure the divine mind, infinitely capacious and utterly immutable, a mind that can count things without passing from one to the next†¦ Without having a notion of God, they mistake themselves for Him, and, instead of measuring God by God, they compared themselves to themselves† (Curtis, 415). St. Augustine argued that the end to man’s suffering is the establishment of the City of God, a place where Christ reigned. The City of God is synonymous with the Second Coming of Christ, whose authority has no equal. Augustine pointed that the founding of this city is unlike any other city on earth. It is everlasting. It is immune from the intricate weaknesses of man – from his passion, idolatry, and irrational manifestations. The City of God is the manifestation of God’s desire to free humanity from suffering and death. From an orthodox theological point of view, Augustine’s argument is consistent with the notion of a God-saving being, merciful, and full of inertia. Man’s choice is either to accept this promise or reject it. It may be impossible here to prove Augustine’s point, but from a Christian viewpoint, his argument seems to navigate on the ideas of Divine love and justice, which are evident in the doctrinal conjugation of today’s Christian sects. In the Confessions, Augustine proudly asserts, â€Å"What then is my God, what but the Lord God? For who is Lord but the Lord †¦ sustaining and fulfilling and protecting, creating and nourishing †¦ Thou owest nothing yet dost pay as if in debt to Thy creature† (Confessions, 24). Conclusion The ‘City of God’ is both a defense of orthodox Christianity from the attacks of pagan philosophers and a summary of primary Christian beliefs. Augustine dismissed the notion that Christianity was the cause of Rome’s downfall. In addition, Augustine stated that the state is a necessary object of man’s existence. Its origin lies entirely in the facet of individual social constructivism, not in the crucial malivolence of an evil entity.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on The Torah

Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach... Free Essays on The Torah Free Essays on The Torah Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Business Process and Modelling

1. Organizational structure is part of the strategic management approach use by the management while embracing their management functions, it refers to how activities such as the supervision, task allocation, and coordination are redirected towards achieving the set organizational structure. It is also explained to be achieving the organizational objectives through people in their working environment  (Frank, 2014). The functional structure is commonly used organizational structure, it is the type of the organizational structure in which organizational activities are grouped into groups and department such as finance, information communication department, and marketing. It is commonly used by large and small organizations  (Yu, 2013). By grouping the organizational activities into group enhances utilization of the human resource strategic management approach such as motivation and job performance appraisal to employee. The grouped department in the organization will also be able to make the right decisional making which will ensure proper operation in the organization. The disadvantage is that practical offices may turn out to be excessively effective, regularly dismissing the association  (Doumeingts, 2016). 2. A functional information system is an approach that provides significance information relating specific groups and activities and other vital information regarding the management controls. The functional information system in an organization plays a key role in making fundamental decisions that will lead to achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Decision-making process implies making decision which will be functional while planning the future operations of the organization. An information system is an organization facilitated the noble operations which will lead the form into gaining the competitive advantage in a business environment. It also allows the organization faces important communication process. Information systems may not work legitimately which influences the running of the business. This can bring about framework separate, intruding on smooth operations and buyer disappointment. Deficient information systems can convey wrong information to different systems which could make issues for the business and its clients. Information systems are additionally vulnerable to hackers and frauds. 3. Enterprise systems support the whole procedure as opposed to parts of the procedure. Moreover, enterprise systems are not only backing the execution of individual exercises in a procedure, they additionally help the association coordinate work across the functional units. This coordination further decreases delays, avoids excess stock, and expands visibility. Apparently the intricacy of dealing with the information across whole procedures, it is not practical to depend on physically associating useful data frameworks by printing data from one framework and rekeying it into the following framework. In this way, notwithstanding moving from storehouses to procedures, associations should likewise move from practically engaged data frameworks to coordinated venture frameworks  (Bannister, 2015). 4. The functional view of an organization is focusing on the skills and the expertise relevant to fulfill certain business functions at the different organizational level.   While the process view of the organization is based on the different stages of production process in the organization. Communication in functional view of the organization takes place at the departmental level, while in process view communication and related decision take place in the process stages  (Doumeingts, 2016). Process view is commonly used strategic management in today’s business environment, it allows managers to establish and focus on the relevant skill required in the production process of the organization  (Frank, 2014). 5. The three-way match is a payment verification approach that is used by accounting and procurement department while procuring supplies to the organization, it implies when one party A receives an invoice it will be the same with one party B is having. The documents used in the three-way match are invoice, purchase order, and receive report  (Tang, 2016). 6. Bill of material is embraced to be an essential part of manufacturing, it comprises list of part, sub-assemblies, and assemblies used in creating the final products. The bill of material explains what to be bought as well as instruction of how to assemble the products. While product routing in manufacturing explains the steps and procedures which will be used in creating the final products. Routing states the process and related task required while creating to new final products  (Morecroft, 2015). 7.  The manual business process is influenced by the different key problem, this limits the operation of the organization. The manual business system takes more efforts and physical space to track the paper documents when errors are to be corrected the data are to be completed and redone rather being updated. Customer service may is also affected by the essentiality of manual and paper business process in the organization, accessing the customer information may be difficult since the customer details are stored in different places  (Davenport, 2013). To eliminate this manual works, the company should adopt the use of new technology such as accounting packages and other related software’s, this will seek toward reducing and eliminating fully the key problem associated with the manual business process  (Frank, 2014). 8. Make to order (MTO) is a business production strategy that normally allows the customers to buy products that are customized to their determinations. This strategy just makes the final products once the customer places an order. This creates an extra time for the customer to get the product, yet considers more adaptable customization contrasted with obtaining from retailers. Make to order (MTO) strategy eases the issues of over the top inventory that is normal with the conventional make to stock (MTS) strategy. Therefore the advantage of Make to order is to reduce production of excess stock to the market  (Fleischmann, 2014). While the Made to Stock strategy is a traditional production strategy used by many business organization to match the level of production and inventory in relation to the customer demands and forecast, Made to Stock strategy requires to the company to exceptionally make an accurate forecast of demands in the market in order to determine the level of stock to be produced. One of the drawbacks of Made to Stock strategy is that it only relies on the accuracy of the forecasted demands  (Frank, 2014). 9. Globalization is defined to be the integration of people, business organization, and governments. The process of globalization is created as a result of agreement between firm and the governments, this is to improve the operation of every business organization  (Yu, 2013). Adopting of new innovation and technology is one of the response and the positive impact of globalization on the organization, this implies when the organization used different technology to undertake their business activities. Expansion in the market environment is also amongst the response of the globalization in relation to the impact on the organizations. Low-Priced Workforce and Raw Materials is an impact of globalization to operating business organization, it implies when the company responds to the effects of low labor and raw material. An organization may access the important factors by entering into an agreement with other operation firms from different regions  (Cross, 2016). 10. Product view is explained to be an element of marketing information system. It is defined to be process of understating the product concepts, design requirement, product target market, pricing and positioning strategy. The product view allows the customer and all the stakeholders to review the product in the market, their views may be used to improve the image, design and the specification of the product  (Frank, 2014). 11. Systems Applications and Products allows the organization to track business operation in relation to customer and their interaction with the business. Organizational data refers to the data relating to the structure and mode of the organization. Examples include sales and raw material data. Transactional data are data that support the daily operation of an organization, they comprise the automotive systems that facilitate daily business process. Example include payment methods and discount received and allowed  (Fleischmann, 2014). Master data plays a primary role in business process, it refers to the key organizational entities that are utilized by a few useful groups and are regularly put away in various data frameworks over a business enterprise. Moreover, master data represents the business entities around which the organization business transactions are executed and the essential components around which analysis are conducted. An example includes data relating to employee performance, product, and supplies  (Bannister, 2015). 12. Raw materials. Ordinarily, raw materials are obtained from a seller and are not sold to end-clients  (Yu, 2013). Semi-Finished products. They are normally created from crude materials and are utilized to deliver finished merchandise. Cases: front wheel gatherings. Finished goods. This is made by the production procedure from different materials, for example, raw and semi-finished products. Trading goods. Like raw materials, these are purchased from a merchant. Additional preparing of the material preceding exchanging is not performed. Bannister, R. B. J. a. J. H., 2015. Conceptual Product Planning. In 2015 26th Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC) (pp. . IEEE.. s.l.:s.n. Cross, D., 2016. Globalization and Media’s Impact on Cross Cultural Communication: Managing Organizational Change. Handbook of Research on Effective Communication, Leadership, and Conflict Resolution. s.l.:s.n. Davenport, T., 2013. Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology.. s.l.:Harvard Business Press. Doumeingts, G. a. B. J. e., 2016. Modelling techniques for business process re-engineering and benchmarking. s.l.:Springer. Fleischmann, A. B. E., 2014. Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.. s.l.:s.n. Frank, U., 2014. Multi-perspective enterprise modeling: foundational concepts, prospects and future research challenges. Software & Systems Modeling,. In: s.l.:s.n., pp. 941-962. Geissdoerfer, M. B. N. a. H., 2016. Design thinking to enhance the sustainable business modelling process–A workshop based on a value mapping process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135(4), pp. 1218-1232. Gerlitz, L., 2016. Design management as a domain of smart and sustainable enterprise: business modelling for innovation and smart growth in industry 4.0." entrepreneurship and sustainability issues .. s.l.:s.n. Jonsson, P. a. M. S., 2016. Advanced material planning performance: a contextual examination and research agenda.. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, , 46(9). Morecroft, J., 2015. Strategic modelling and business dynamics: A feedback systems approach.. ed. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.. Tang, M. a. L. B., 2016. Special issue on financial and business modelling and simulation. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, pp. 1-1. Yu, E. H. J. .., 2013. Business modeling for business intelligence. Synthesis Lectures on Data Management. s.l.:s.n.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Female Leaders in History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Female Leaders in History - Research Paper Example She was very tough and uncompromising in her leadership and her being intelligent is what can be considered as driving her into politics. From Margaret Thatcher I learn that she was a brave lady who never feared opposition leaders and also other people as she always stood for what she thought was right. We also learn that being tough is a virtue which is needed in order to succeed. This is because by being such one will not be ridiculed but taken seriously (DeRue & Ashford, 2010). This can also be seen in her intelligence which one needs, as the decisions made should be productive and to the benefit of everyone. Though, at times, intelligence may lead to someone making poor decisions such as believing in oneself, she can be seen as an icon in the women leadership. A good leader is one who has to listen to other people’s opinions and views regardless of them being positive or negative (Stewart, Courtright, & Manz, 2010). Margaret Thatcher only believed in her innate rightness. She was not considerate of other people’s views, which led to her not having votes of more than forty-three percent. This is what also led to her being left with a cabinet that was not able to challenge her, which resulted in her failure such as the poll tax which she wanted to